Pesquisadores realizam Workshop sobre fogo na Amazônia em diferentes momentos da ocupação humana na região (8 a 11 de Novembro de 2021)
O Workshop realizado pela parceria entre a 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐝𝐞 𝐄𝐱𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫 (𝐔𝐊), equipe do 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐣𝐞𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐀𝐏-𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞, 𝐂𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐧 (𝐂𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐍𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐞 𝐀𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐬 𝐝𝐞 𝐃𝐞𝐬𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐬), 𝐈𝐍𝐏𝐄 (𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐭𝐨 𝐍𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐏𝐞𝐬𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐬 𝐄𝐬𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐢𝐬) 𝐞 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐝𝐨 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐝𝐨 𝐝𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐨 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐬𝐨 (𝐔𝐍𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐓 - 𝐍𝐨𝐯𝐚 𝐗𝐚𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐚) será ministrado online (síncrono) com a produção também de conteúdo off-line (assíncrono). O evento é gratuito e ocorrerá entre os dias 8 e 11 de Novembro através da plataforma Google Meet. A inscrição ocorrerá via formulário do Google Forms (disponível aqui).
Terá como público alvo estudantes, brigadistas (voluntários ou formalizados), bombeiros, gestores de áreas de conservação, defesa civil, educadores, acadêmicos de todas as áreas, comunidades tradicionais) e produtores rurais, ONGs e representantes de organizações e empresas de todos setores que identificam a emergência do tema e potenciais soluções associados a essa temática.
O Workshop tem como objetivo apresentar o estado da arte da ciência no conhecimento sobre o fogo e o seu uso pelas populações em diferentes momentos da ocupação da Amazônia e refletir sobre as mudanças ambientais atuais, sua relação com o risco e impactos dos incêndios florestais e pensar em estratégias de prevenção.
As inscrições estão abertas até o dia 4 de Novembro.
Este Workshop tem financiamento do Natural Environment Research Council (UK), CAPES - Ciência Sem Fronteiras, e conta com o apoio dos pesquisadores do projeto MAP-Fire (IAI, projeto número SGP-HW 016, @mapfire.project,) e Brigadas da Amazônia (WWF).
Para mais informações: Contato: [email protected]
A programação do Evento você encontra disponível aqui.
April 23rd to 24th 2019
On 23 to 24 of April MAP-FIRE staff participated in the MAP-Resiliencia workshop in Rio Branco, Brazil. MAP-Resiliencia workshop was organized by Prof. Foster Brown. The objective was to show advances in coordinating policy and actions of key actors of MAP regions to fight extreme events and mitigate climate change impacts. Workshop participants were educational, civil defense, governmental and public ministry. MAP-Fire was represented by Foster Brown, Sonaira Silva, Guillemo Rioja, Juan Fernando Reyes, Izaias Brasil, Vera Reis and Galia Selaya. We participated on the round table Projects in action to deal with extreme events. We presented MAP-FIRE rationale, objectives and expected outcomes. As a result of the round table, audience acknowledge the importance of science and research to guide policy and decision making regarding extreme events and fire, and to benefit stakeholders from MAP initiative to inform about findings and recommendations. Two aspects were highlighted in the round table, the inclusion of local farmers in the discussion of fire prevention and to educate children as environmental leaders for a sustainable future. Participation of Public Ministry of Bolivia and Brazil highlighted needs to support them with information and tools to help them do their work.
In this photo (left to right): Juan Fernando Reyes (Herencia), Moacyr Araújo Silva (WWF), Elisabeth Lagneaux (University Klobenz-Landau), Galia Selaya (Herencia) and Sonaira Silva (UFAC). The scope of the follwoing projects were discussed: MAP-Fire, WWF, PRODIGY and Acre-queimadas.
During this project round table, it was discussed the current actions that can contribute to strategies during meteorological extremes, such as intense rainfalls and droughts, which leads to great socioeconomic and environmental problems.
During this project round table, it was discussed the current actions that can contribute to strategies during meteorological extremes, such as intense rainfalls and droughts, which leads to great socioeconomic and environmental problems.
April 14th to 17th 2019
In this photo (left to rigth): Cândida Leite, Wesley Campanharo, Marisa Fonseca, Ana Pessôa, Liana Anderson, João dos Reis, Foster Brown, Sonaira Silva, Luiz Aragão. 16 April 2019.
The MAP-Fire scientists met at the XIX Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium - April 14th to 17th 2019 (http://sbsr.com.br/en/) and discussed about the project initial activities.
The groups work presented at this symposium is a result of the collaboration and building network, which the main results can be summarized as follows:
1- The burned area product developed by TREES presented the largest number of detected areas (2,059 km²) and the lowest percentage of unmapped areas with active fires (9%), while Joint Research Center product, that its based on the MCD64A1, showed divergences in spatial and total burnt values compared to MCD and TREES (Camapnharo et al., 2019).
2- Using a multiresolution segmentation algorithm applied to a Landsat image, the training dataset included 300 objects of burned and nonburned areas. Additionally, 24 attributes were tested in both Random forest (RF) and Suport Vector Machine (SVM) approaches. An overall classification accuracy of 91% was achieved by RF and SVM models using spectral and geometric attributes. Nonetheless, regarding the omissions and inclusion errors, SVM models had the best performance on burned areas mapping (Carvalho et al., 2019). Another study, aiming the test of different spectral indices for burned area detection present a test-case based on the combination of 10 SI in a three channels remote sensing image (Red; Green; Blue - RGB).This process generated 120 possible combinations without repetition. With spatial resolution of 30m, the proposed method was able to achieve an accuracy between 0,21 and 0.86, according to Cohen's Kappa coefficient. The two groups of indices MIRBI, NBR2, EVI, MNDWI and CSI; and BAI, NBR and NDVI were the most inaccurate and accurate indices, respectively, identified for the study site (Pletsch et al., 2019).
3- A total of 6,998 ha of urban fires in Rio Branco municipality were recorded between 2014 and 2018, with an average annual area of 1,750 ha. The year 2016 had the largest area impacted (2,807 ha -14% of the urban perimeter), influenced by the El Niño fort. The posts on social media Facebook, reached from 63 to 1328 people per post. The social empowerment of scientific knowledge is one of the strategies that can help the prevention and combat of urban burnings (Silva et al., 2019).
4- The development of a fire monitoring system was presented.The methodology integrates both the occurrence of fires, given by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIIRS) data, and the delimitation of private rural properties (CAR), in order to detect and identify landowners who exhibit the occurrence of some thermal anomaly in their property. This development will generate the important information to support the decision making to prevent and mitigate the probability of wildfires occurrence (Reis et al., 2019).
5- In the State of Acre,as well as in the Brazilian Amazon, despite the decrease in deforestation rates, there is an increase in observations of fire pixels. In Acre, the orrence of deforestation and fire pixels have been concentrated in three regions in the State, where land tenure and agrarian conflicts is present: Reserva extrativista Chico Mendes, in the axis of the BR 364 in Sena Madureira and Manuel Urbano, and in the central region of Feijó and Tarauacá municipalities (Melo et al., 2019).
6- We combined regional land-use projections and climatic data from the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble to investigate the probability of fire occurrence by the end of the 21st century (2071-2100) in the Brazilian and Bolivian Amazon. Under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario combined with a land-use scenario based on the depletion of natural resources, the area with fire relative probability (FRP) ≥ 0.3 (a threshold chosen based on the literature) increases by 54%. Areas with a negative change in FRP are projected in the South and South-eastern of both Brazilian and Bolivian Amazon, but only 10% of the study area shows a decrease in FRP ≥ 0.3 (Fonseca et al., 2019).
7- It is estimated the economic value of the health damage avoided by the reduction of the legal limit to agricultural fires, the main source of air pollution in rural Brazilian Amazon. The statistical significance of the impact of agricultural fire on the count of respiratory illnesses was robust to multiple econometric specifications and classes of affected groups and diseasesThe health damage avoided by the total ban on agricultural fires set by smallholders amounted to at least 6% and at most 8% of the respiratory illnesses detected during the fires season, from August to November (Morello et al., 2019).
The link for the SBSR Proceedings will be available soon and will be updated here!
The MAP-Fire scientists met at the XIX Brazilian Remote Sensing Symposium - April 14th to 17th 2019 (http://sbsr.com.br/en/) and discussed about the project initial activities.
The groups work presented at this symposium is a result of the collaboration and building network, which the main results can be summarized as follows:
1- The burned area product developed by TREES presented the largest number of detected areas (2,059 km²) and the lowest percentage of unmapped areas with active fires (9%), while Joint Research Center product, that its based on the MCD64A1, showed divergences in spatial and total burnt values compared to MCD and TREES (Camapnharo et al., 2019).
2- Using a multiresolution segmentation algorithm applied to a Landsat image, the training dataset included 300 objects of burned and nonburned areas. Additionally, 24 attributes were tested in both Random forest (RF) and Suport Vector Machine (SVM) approaches. An overall classification accuracy of 91% was achieved by RF and SVM models using spectral and geometric attributes. Nonetheless, regarding the omissions and inclusion errors, SVM models had the best performance on burned areas mapping (Carvalho et al., 2019). Another study, aiming the test of different spectral indices for burned area detection present a test-case based on the combination of 10 SI in a three channels remote sensing image (Red; Green; Blue - RGB).This process generated 120 possible combinations without repetition. With spatial resolution of 30m, the proposed method was able to achieve an accuracy between 0,21 and 0.86, according to Cohen's Kappa coefficient. The two groups of indices MIRBI, NBR2, EVI, MNDWI and CSI; and BAI, NBR and NDVI were the most inaccurate and accurate indices, respectively, identified for the study site (Pletsch et al., 2019).
3- A total of 6,998 ha of urban fires in Rio Branco municipality were recorded between 2014 and 2018, with an average annual area of 1,750 ha. The year 2016 had the largest area impacted (2,807 ha -14% of the urban perimeter), influenced by the El Niño fort. The posts on social media Facebook, reached from 63 to 1328 people per post. The social empowerment of scientific knowledge is one of the strategies that can help the prevention and combat of urban burnings (Silva et al., 2019).
4- The development of a fire monitoring system was presented.The methodology integrates both the occurrence of fires, given by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIIRS) data, and the delimitation of private rural properties (CAR), in order to detect and identify landowners who exhibit the occurrence of some thermal anomaly in their property. This development will generate the important information to support the decision making to prevent and mitigate the probability of wildfires occurrence (Reis et al., 2019).
5- In the State of Acre,as well as in the Brazilian Amazon, despite the decrease in deforestation rates, there is an increase in observations of fire pixels. In Acre, the orrence of deforestation and fire pixels have been concentrated in three regions in the State, where land tenure and agrarian conflicts is present: Reserva extrativista Chico Mendes, in the axis of the BR 364 in Sena Madureira and Manuel Urbano, and in the central region of Feijó and Tarauacá municipalities (Melo et al., 2019).
6- We combined regional land-use projections and climatic data from the CMIP5 multi-model ensemble to investigate the probability of fire occurrence by the end of the 21st century (2071-2100) in the Brazilian and Bolivian Amazon. Under the RCP 8.5 emission scenario combined with a land-use scenario based on the depletion of natural resources, the area with fire relative probability (FRP) ≥ 0.3 (a threshold chosen based on the literature) increases by 54%. Areas with a negative change in FRP are projected in the South and South-eastern of both Brazilian and Bolivian Amazon, but only 10% of the study area shows a decrease in FRP ≥ 0.3 (Fonseca et al., 2019).
7- It is estimated the economic value of the health damage avoided by the reduction of the legal limit to agricultural fires, the main source of air pollution in rural Brazilian Amazon. The statistical significance of the impact of agricultural fire on the count of respiratory illnesses was robust to multiple econometric specifications and classes of affected groups and diseasesThe health damage avoided by the total ban on agricultural fires set by smallholders amounted to at least 6% and at most 8% of the respiratory illnesses detected during the fires season, from August to November (Morello et al., 2019).
The link for the SBSR Proceedings will be available soon and will be updated here!
